Anatomy & Physiology – In-Depth Learning for Professionals

About Course
Dive deep into the intricate structure and functions of the human body with our Anatomy & Physiology course. Designed for healthcare professionals, practitioners, and students, this course provides a detailed yet accessible study of the body’s systems, organs, and their interconnections.
While suitable for all learners, this course is particularly beneficial for working healthcare professionals who seek to expand their existing knowledge and elevate their expertise to a professional level. Covering essential and advanced concepts, it bridges the gap between foundational understanding and in-depth medical insights, ensuring a strong grasp of human anatomy and physiological processes.
This course is structured for practical application, making it an invaluable resource for those in clinical practice, research, or further medical studies. Whether you’re enhancing your career or deepening your understanding, this course offers a balanced, detailed, and engaging learning experience.
What Will You Learn?
- This course offers a detailed study of human anatomy and physiology, covering all major body systems and their essential functions. You will gain a strong foundation in how the human body works, preparing you for clinical applications and advanced learning.
- The skeletal and muscular systems section explores bones, joints, and muscles, detailing their roles in movement and stability. Understanding these structures helps in assessing mobility, posture, and overall physical health.
- The cardiovascular and respiratory systems are examined to explain heart function, blood circulation, and oxygen exchange. These systems are crucial for delivering oxygen and nutrients while removing waste from the body.
- In the nervous and endocrine systems, you will study the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and hormones. These systems regulate communication within the body, maintaining coordination, reflexes, and metabolic balance.
- The digestive and metabolic systems section focuses on nutrient absorption, digestion, and energy production. It also covers how food is processed into energy and how waste is managed through the gastrointestinal tract.
- The renal and urinary systems play a key role in filtering blood, maintaining fluid balance, and excreting waste. Learning about kidney function helps in understanding hydration, electrolyte regulation, and overall health.
- The reproductive system covers male and female reproductive anatomy, hormonal regulation, and human development. This knowledge is essential for those studying reproductive health, fertility, and genetics.
- The immune and lymphatic systems protect the body from infections and diseases. You will explore how the body defends itself against pathogens and maintains immune responses through specialized cells and organs.
- The integumentary system, which includes the skin, hair, and nails, serves as the body's protective barrier. It also plays a role in sensation, temperature regulation, and the production of essential vitamins.
- This course is designed for students, healthcare professionals, and practitioners seeking a comprehensive understanding of human anatomy and physiology. By the end, you will have practical knowledge applicable in clinical practice, research, and healthcare fields.
Course Content
Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology
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Understanding Humans from a Biological Perspective
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What is Anatomy?
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What is Physiology?
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The Integumentary System: The Body’s Protective Shield
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The Muscular System: Powering Movement and Function
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The Skeletal System: The Framework of the Human Body
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The Digestive System: Nourishing the Body
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The Nervous System: Command Center of the Body
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The Respiratory System: Breathing Life into the Body
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The Circulatory System: Life’s Transport Network
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The Excretory System: Maintaining Internal Cleanliness
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The Endocrine System: The Body’s Chemical Messenger Network
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The Sensory System: Connecting the Body to the World
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The Reproductive System: Ensuring the Continuity of Life
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Symmetry of the Human Body: Understanding Structural Organization
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Glossary of Anatomical and Physiological Terms
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Definitions To Remember
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Exam Section: True or False Self-Assessment Quiz
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Exam Section: Multiple Choice Self-Assessment Quiz
The Cell – The Building Block of Life
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Introduction to The Cell
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Definition of Cell
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Cell Membrane
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Nucleus and Chromosomes
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Nucleolus
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Cytoplasm
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Mitochondria
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Golgi Bodies
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Ribosomes
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Lysosomes
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Plastids
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Centrosome
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Microtubules
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Granules and vacuoles
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Functions of the main components of a cell
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Mitochondria
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Function of Mitochondria
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Microsomes
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Functions of the Cell
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Definitions to Remember
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Revision Highlights – Cell Biology
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Important Q&A for Learning and Exam Preparation
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Detailed Long-Answer Q&A for In-Depth Understanding and Exam Success
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Exam Section: True or False Self-Assessment Quiz
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Exam Section: Multiple Choice Self-Assessment Quiz
The Tissue – Tissue Types and Functions
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Introduction to Tissues
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Epithelial Tissue
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Simple Epithelial Tissue
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Compound Epithelial Tissue
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Stratified Squamous Epithelium
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Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium
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Transitional Epithelium (Urothelium)
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Functional Summary
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Functions of Epithelial Tissue
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Glands
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Simple Multicellular Glands
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Compound Multicellular Glands
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Membranes
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Muscular tissue
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Striped Muscle Fibers
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Non-striated muscle fibers
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Cardiac muscle fibers
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Connective tissue
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Connective tissue proper
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Skeletal tissue
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Cartilage
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Bone – Osseous Tissue
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Nervous Tissue
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Definitions to Remember
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Revision Highlights – The Tissue
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Important Q&A for Learning and Exam Preparation
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Detailed Long-Answer Q&A for In-Depth Understanding and Exam Success
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Exam Section: True or False Self-Assessment Quiz
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Exam Section: Multiple Choice Self-Assessment Quiz
The Skeletal System: Structure, Function, and Disorders
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Overview of the Skeletal System
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The Skull: Structure and Composition
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Functions of the Human Skull
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The Vertebral Column: Structure and Composition
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The Sternum and Ribs Structure and Functions
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The Pectoral Girdle: Structure and Bone Classification
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Bones of the Arms (Upper Limbs): Structure and Functions
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The Pelvic Girdle: Structure, Components, and Functional Role
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Joints in the Human Body: Types and Functions
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Disorders of Joints: Causes and Conditions
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Functional Aspects of the Skeleton and Muscles
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Definitions to Remember
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Quiz and Assessment – Coming Soon
The Blood: Lifeline and Guardian of Immunity
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The Blood: Lifeline and Guardian of Immunity
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Vital Roles of Blood in the Human Body
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Composition of Blood: A Complex Life-Sustaining Fluid
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Composition of Plasma (Blood Serum): The Fluid Matrix of Life
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Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells): Structure, Function, and Significance
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Leukocytes (White Blood Cells): Guardians of the Immune System
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Granulocytes: The Granular Defenders of the Bloodstream
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Agranulocytes: The Nucleus-Focused White Blood Cells
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Thrombocytes (Platelets): Tiny Guardians of Blood Clotting and Defense
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Blood Clotting (Coagulation): The Body’s Natural Defense Against Bleeding
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Blood Groups: Understanding Compatibility for Safe Transfusions
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Acceptability of Blood Groups: The Rh Factor
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Hematocrit Value (Packed Cell Volume)
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Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
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Disorders of Blood
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Key Definitions to Remember in Blood Physiology
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Quiz and Assessment – Coming Soon
The Unseen Warriors: Unraveling the Secrets of the Lymphatic System
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Unraveling the Secrets of the Lymphatic System
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Composition of Lymph: The Immune Fluid of the Body
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Lymphatic Organs: The Core of Immune Defense and Fluid Balance
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Spleen: The Blood Filter and Immune Powerhouse
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Functions of the Spleen
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Thymus Gland: A Key Organ in Immune System Development
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Reticulo-Endothelial System: The Body’s Defensive Cellular Network
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Tonsils: Key Guardians of the Throat’s Immune Defense
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Functions of the Lymphatic System
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Disorders of the Spleen
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Definitions to Remember
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Quiz and Assessment – Coming Soon
Cardiovascular Health: Understanding the Heart and Blood Circulation
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A Comprehensive Look at the Heart and Blood Circulation
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The Anatomy of the Human Heart: Structure and Form
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Exploring the Inner Anatomy of the Human Heart
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How the Heart Works: A Guide to Cardiac Function and Blood Flow
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Coronary Circulation: How the Heart Nourishes Itself
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Double Blood Circulation: A Dual System for Life Support
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Heartbeat: The Rhythm of Life
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Origin and Conduction of the Heartbeat: How the Heart Generates Its Rhythm
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The Cardiac Cycle: How the Heart Powers Blood Circulation
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Pulse and Cardiac Output: Understanding Heart Function in Real Time
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Heart Sounds: The Audible Rhythm of the Heart
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Blood Pressure: The Force Driving Circulation
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Range of Normal Blood Pressure at Different Ages in Human Populations
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Electrocardiogram (ECG): An In-Depth Overview
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Arterial and Venous Systems: The Dual Network of Circulatory Transport
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The Arterial System: Pathways of Oxygenated Blood
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Venous Circulation: The Body’s Pathway for Deoxygenated Blood
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Comparison Between Arteries and Veins
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Disorders of the Heart and Circulatory System
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Key Cardiovascular Terms to Remember
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Quiz and Assessment – Coming Soon
The Respiratory System: Fundamentals and Functionality
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Respiratory System: A Comprehensive Introduction
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Structure of the Respiratory Organs
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The Nose: Structure and Function in Respiration
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Pharynx: The Crossroad of Respiration and Digestion
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Larynx (Voice Box): The Organ of Voice and Air Passage
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Trachea, Bronchi, and Bronchioles: The Air Passageways
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Structure of the Lungs
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Mechanism of Respiration
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Respiratory Lung Volumes: A Detailed Overview
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Physiology of Respiration: The Process of Gas Exchange
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Disorders of the Respiratory System
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Artificial Respiration
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Definitions to Remember
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Quiz and Assessment – Coming Soon
The Urinary System: Excretion and Water Balance
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Overview of the Urinary System and Its Role in Excretion
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Structure of the Urinary (Excretory) System
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Nephrons (Uriniferous Tubules)
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Detailed Structure of a Nephron: The Functional Unit of the Kidney
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Vital Functions of the Kidney: Filtration, Regulation, and Homeostasis
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Physiology of Excretion: Mechanisms of Urine Formation and Waste Elimination
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Osmoregulation: Balancing Water and Electrolytes for Homeostasis
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Micturition: The Neural and Muscular Mechanism of Urine Expulsion
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Artificial Kidney and Hemodialysis: A Life-Saving Renal Substitution Therapy
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Disorders of the Urinary System
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Definitions to Remember
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Quiz and Assessment – Coming Soon
Muscular System (Muscles of the Skeleton)
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Introduction to the Muscular System
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Structure of the Skeletal Muscles
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Types of Skeletal Muscles Based on Function
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Major Muscles of the Human Body
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Functional Properties of Muscles
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Mechanism of Muscle Contraction
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Muscle Twitch
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Muscle Tension
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Muscle Tone
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Tetanus
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Disorders of Skeletal Muscles
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Definitions to Remember
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Quiz and Assessment – Coming Soon
Nervous System: The Body’s Master Control Center
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Nervous System: An Overview of How Your Body Thinks and Reacts
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The Brain – Structure, Protection, and Major Divisions
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The Forebrain – Structure and Function
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The Midbrain – A Vital Relay and Reflex Center
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The Hindbrain – A Center of Balance and Vital Reflexes
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Ventricles of the Brain: Structure and Significance
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Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
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Olfactory Lobes: The Brain’s Center for the Sense of Smell
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Cerebrum: The Brain’s Command Center for Higher Functions
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Thalamus and Hypothalamus: Connecting Nervous and Endocrine Systems
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Midbrain: The Visual and Auditory Control Center
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Cerebellum: Coordinator of Balance and Movement Precision
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Pons Varolii (Pons): Bridge and Respiratory Regulator
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Medulla Oblongata (Medulla): The Life-Control Center of the Brain
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Functions of the Brain: Expanded Overview
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Neural Centres of the Brain: Command Hubs of Conscious and Unconscious Functions
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The Spinal Cord: Structure, Protection, and Function
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Cranial Nerves: Structure, Function, and Importance
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Spinal Nerves: Structure, Classification, and Functional Role
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Autonomic Nervous System (ANS): Involuntary Control of Vital Functions
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Sympathetic Nervous System (Thoraco-Lumbar Division)
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Parasympathetic Nervous System (Cranio-Sacral Division)
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Reflex Action (Reflex Arc)
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Disorders of the Nervous System
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Nervous System: Definitions to Remember
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Quiz and Assessment – Coming Soon
The Special Sense Organs: Structure, Function, and Importance
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Introduction to the Special Sense Organs
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Skin – The Body’s Largest Sensory Organ
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Understanding the Anatomy and Function of the Human Eye
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Accessory Structures of the Eye
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Functions of the Eye
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Common Disorders of the Eye
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The Ear: The Organ of Hearing and Balance
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Hearing: How Sound Travels Through the Ear
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Equilibrium: Maintaining the Body’s Balance
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Common Disorders of the Ear
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The Organ of Smell (Olfactory Organ)
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The Organ of Taste (The Tongue)
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Definitions to Remember – Sensory Organs
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Quiz and Assessment – Coming Soon
The Digestive System: Pathway to Nutrition and Vitality
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Introduction: Understanding the Human Digestive System
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The Alimentary Canal: Structure and Associated Organs
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Mouth: The Entry Point of the Digestive System
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Buccal Cavity: The Initial Chamber of the Alimentary Canal
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Pharynx: The Common Passageway for Food and Air
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Oesophagus: The Food Passageway to the Stomach
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Oesophagus: The Food Passageway to the Stomach
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Duodenum: The Digestive Gateway of the Small Intestine
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Small Intestine: The Center of Digestion and Absorption
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Large Intestine: The Final Site for Water Absorption and Waste Formation
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Rectum and Anus: Elimination of Digestive Waste
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Digestive Glands: Salivary Glands
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Structure and Lobes of the Liver
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Pancreas: A Dual-Function Digestive and Hormonal Gland
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Ingestion and Digestion: The Journey of Food Through the Human Digestive System
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Absorption and Assimilation: Final Phases of Digestion
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Functions of the Liver: The Metabolic Powerhouse of the Body
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Nutritional Requirements of the Human Body
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Carbohydrates: The Body’s Main Source of Energy
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Proteins: Essential Nutrients for Growth and Repair
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Fats: The Concentrated Source of Energy
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Vitamins: Essential Micronutrients for Health
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The Role of Roughage and Minerals in a Healthy Diet
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Balanced Diet: Components and Importance for Daily Nutrition
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Nutritional Disorders
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Effects of Overeating and Nutritional Imbalance
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Definitions to Remember
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Quiz and Assessment – Coming Soon
Endocrine Glands and Hormones
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Introduction to Endocrinology
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Properties of Hormones
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Major Endocrine Glands in the Human Body
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The Thyroid Gland – Regulator of Metabolism
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Parathyroid Glands – Guardians of Calcium Balance
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Adrenal Glands – Engines of Stress and Survival
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Hypothalamus – Master Regulator of the Endocrine Orchestra
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Pituitary Gland – The Master Gland of the Endocrine System
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Thymus – Guardian of Childhood Immunity
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Kidneys – Hidden Endocrine Powerhouses
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Pancreas – Dual Role as Digestive and Endocrine Gland
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Ovaries – The Female Hormonal Powerhouses
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Testes – The Male Endocrine and Reproductive Glands
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Pineal Gland – The Body’s Biological Clock
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Placenta – The Temporary Endocrine Organ of Pregnancy
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Skin – The Body’s Natural Vitamin D Factory
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Gastrointestinal Mucosa – The Hormone-Releasing Digestive Lining
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Overview Chart of Endocrine Glands, Hormones & Their Effects
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Abbreviations of Important Hormones and Their Functions
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Mechanism of Hormone Action
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Feedback Control of Hormone Action
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Definitions to Remember
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Quiz and Assessment – Coming Soon
The Reproductive System: Foundation of Human Life
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Introduction to the Human Reproductive System
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Male Reproductive System
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Histology of the Testis
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Accessory Glands of the Male Reproductive System
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Female Reproductive System
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Menstrual Cycle (Sexual Cycle)
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Ovulation Cycle Chart (28 Days)
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Mammary Glands Explained: From Development to Milk Secretion
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Puberty in Girls: How the Body Transforms During Adolescence
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Menopause: Physical and Emotional Changes You Should Know
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Fertilization and Early Development
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The Placenta: Lifeline Between Mother and Baby
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Birth (Parturition): The Final Stage of Pregnancy
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Disorders of the Human Reproductive System: Causes and Impacts
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Disorders of the Male Reproductive System
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Sterility and Impotence in Males
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Prostatitis and Prostate Cancer
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Disorders of the Female Reproductive System
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Common Menstrual Problems and Their Causes
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Understanding the Causes and Types of Absent Menstruation
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Heavy Menstrual Bleeding: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments
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Exploring Painful Menstruation: Causes and Management
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Cancer of the Breasts, Cervix, and Uterus
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Ovarian Cysts: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
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Methods of Birth Control (Family Planning)
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Natural Means of Birth Control (Temporary Methods)
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Rhythm Method (Calendar-Based Birth Control)
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Coitus Interruptus (Withdrawal Method)
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Abstinence (Voluntary Avoidance of Sexual Activity)
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Cervical Mucus Examination
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Basal Body Temperature (BBT) Method of Natural Birth Control
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Mechanical Methods of Birth Control
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Diaphragm and Cervical Cap
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Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices (IUCDs)
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Condom: A Reliable Mechanical Method of Birth Control
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Chemical and Hormonal Methods of Birth Control
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Permanent (Surgical) Methods of Birth Control
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Definitions to Remember
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Quiz and Assessment – Coming Soon
Quiz and Assessment
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Quiz and Assessment – Coming Soon